Слънчев добив Одит
Прогнозирайте производството на енергия на вашата фотоволтаична решетка. Реалистичен анализ, отчитащ системните загуби и географската слънчева плътност.
Системни данни
Размер на решетката и слънчеви часове
75% - 80% е типично за мрежово свързани системи.
Резултатът се актуализира в реално време, докато въвеждате параметрите.
Формула за производство
Добивът на слънчева енергия зависи от номиналния капацитет на вашата решетка и колко продуктивни слънчеви часове получава вашето местоположение.
Дневен енергиен добив
kWh/day = kWp × Sun Hours × Eff kWp е пиковата мощност на вашата решетка в киловати. Ефективността (обикновено 0,75–0,85) отчита загубите на инвертора, кабела и температурата.
Годишен добив
Annual kWh = Daily kWh × 365 Използвайте годишния добив, за да изчислите компенсацията на CO₂, спестяванията спрямо цената на мрежовото електричество и периода на изплащане на вашата слънчева инвестиция.
How to Estimate Solar Panel Output
Knowing how much energy your solar system will actually produce is the foundation of any solar investment decision. The theoretical output of your panels (kWp) is always higher than real-world production — temperature, shading, inverter losses, and dust all reduce actual yield. This calculator applies a realistic efficiency factor to give you an honest production estimate.
Performance Ratio: The Key Metric
Performance Ratio (PR) is the ratio of actual energy output to theoretically possible output — the single best measure of a solar system's real-world efficiency. A well-installed system typically achieves a PR of 0.75–0.85. Losses come from inverter conversion (3–5%), cable resistance (1–2%), soiling (2–5%), temperature derating (5–10%), and shading (variable).
Factors That Affect Solar Output
- Peak Sun Hours: The most location-dependent variable. Phoenix, AZ sees ~6.5 peak sun hours; Seattle, WA averages ~3.5. Use your local solar irradiance data for accuracy.
- Panel Temperature: Solar panels lose approximately 0.4% of output per degree Celsius above 25°C (STC). A panel at 65°C on a hot day produces ~16% less than its rating.
- Shading: Even partial shade on one panel can significantly reduce the output of the entire string in traditional string inverter systems. Microinverters or DC optimizers mitigate this.
- Panel Orientation and Tilt: In the northern hemisphere, south-facing panels at a tilt angle equal to your latitude angle produce the maximum annual yield.
- Panel Degradation: Panels lose approximately 0.5–0.7% of output per year. A 25-year-old panel typically produces 80–85% of its original rating.
Calculating Solar Payback Period
Divide the total installation cost by the annual electricity savings (Annual kWh × electricity rate). A 5kWp system at $10,000 producing 6,500 kWh/year at $0.15/kWh saves $975/year — a simple payback of about 10.3 years, with 15+ years of free energy afterward.