Resa Solare Verifica
Prevedi la produzione energetica del tuo campo fotovoltaico. Analisi realistica che tiene conto delle perdite di sistema e della densità solare geografica.
Dati di Sistema
Dimensioni del Campo e Ore di Sole
75% - 80% è tipico per i sistemi collegati alla rete.
Il risultato si aggiorna in tempo reale man mano che inserisci i parametri.
La Formula di Produzione
La resa dell'energia solare dipende dalla capacità nominale del tuo campo e da quante ore di sole produttive riceve la tua località.
Resa Energetica Giornaliera
kWh/day = kWp × Sun Hours × Eff kWp è la potenza di picco del tuo campo in kilowatt. L'efficienza (tipicamente 0,75–0,85) tiene conto delle perdite dell'inverter, dei cavi e della temperatura.
Resa Annuale
Annual kWh = Daily kWh × 365 Usa la resa annuale per calcolare la compensazione di CO₂, i risparmi rispetto al costo dell'elettricità di rete e il periodo di ammortamento del tuo investimento solare.
How to Estimate Solar Panel Output
Knowing how much energy your solar system will actually produce is the foundation of any solar investment decision. The theoretical output of your panels (kWp) is always higher than real-world production — temperature, shading, inverter losses, and dust all reduce actual yield. This calculator applies a realistic efficiency factor to give you an honest production estimate.
Performance Ratio: The Key Metric
Performance Ratio (PR) is the ratio of actual energy output to theoretically possible output — the single best measure of a solar system's real-world efficiency. A well-installed system typically achieves a PR of 0.75–0.85. Losses come from inverter conversion (3–5%), cable resistance (1–2%), soiling (2–5%), temperature derating (5–10%), and shading (variable).
Factors That Affect Solar Output
- Peak Sun Hours: The most location-dependent variable. Phoenix, AZ sees ~6.5 peak sun hours; Seattle, WA averages ~3.5. Use your local solar irradiance data for accuracy.
- Panel Temperature: Solar panels lose approximately 0.4% of output per degree Celsius above 25°C (STC). A panel at 65°C on a hot day produces ~16% less than its rating.
- Shading: Even partial shade on one panel can significantly reduce the output of the entire string in traditional string inverter systems. Microinverters or DC optimizers mitigate this.
- Panel Orientation and Tilt: In the northern hemisphere, south-facing panels at a tilt angle equal to your latitude angle produce the maximum annual yield.
- Panel Degradation: Panels lose approximately 0.5–0.7% of output per year. A 25-year-old panel typically produces 80–85% of its original rating.
Calculating Solar Payback Period
Divide the total installation cost by the annual electricity savings (Annual kWh × electricity rate). A 5kWp system at $10,000 producing 6,500 kWh/year at $0.15/kWh saves $975/year — a simple payback of about 10.3 years, with 15+ years of free energy afterward.