태양광 수율 감사
PV 어레이의 에너지 생산량을 예측합니다. 시스템 손실과 지리적 태양 밀도를 고려한 현실적인 분석.
시스템 데이터
어레이 크기 및 일조 시간
계통연계 시스템의 경우 75% - 80%가 일반적입니다.
매개변수를 입력하면 결과가 실시간으로 업데이트됩니다.
출력 공식
태양광 에너지 수율은 어레이의 정격 용량과 해당 위치가 받는 생산적인 일조 시간 수에 따라 달라집니다.
일일 에너지 수율
kWh/day = kWp × Sun Hours × Eff kWp는 킬로와트 단위의 어레이 최대 출력입니다. 효율(일반적으로 0.75~0.85)은 인버터, 케이블 및 온도 손실을 고려합니다.
연간 수율
Annual kWh = Daily kWh × 365 연간 수율을 사용하여 CO₂ 상쇄량, 계통 전기 비용 대비 절감액, 태양광 투자의 회수 기간을 계산하세요.
How to Estimate Solar Panel Output
Knowing how much energy your solar system will actually produce is the foundation of any solar investment decision. The theoretical output of your panels (kWp) is always higher than real-world production — temperature, shading, inverter losses, and dust all reduce actual yield. This calculator applies a realistic efficiency factor to give you an honest production estimate.
Performance Ratio: The Key Metric
Performance Ratio (PR) is the ratio of actual energy output to theoretically possible output — the single best measure of a solar system's real-world efficiency. A well-installed system typically achieves a PR of 0.75–0.85. Losses come from inverter conversion (3–5%), cable resistance (1–2%), soiling (2–5%), temperature derating (5–10%), and shading (variable).
Factors That Affect Solar Output
- Peak Sun Hours: The most location-dependent variable. Phoenix, AZ sees ~6.5 peak sun hours; Seattle, WA averages ~3.5. Use your local solar irradiance data for accuracy.
- Panel Temperature: Solar panels lose approximately 0.4% of output per degree Celsius above 25°C (STC). A panel at 65°C on a hot day produces ~16% less than its rating.
- Shading: Even partial shade on one panel can significantly reduce the output of the entire string in traditional string inverter systems. Microinverters or DC optimizers mitigate this.
- Panel Orientation and Tilt: In the northern hemisphere, south-facing panels at a tilt angle equal to your latitude angle produce the maximum annual yield.
- Panel Degradation: Panels lose approximately 0.5–0.7% of output per year. A 25-year-old panel typically produces 80–85% of its original rating.
Calculating Solar Payback Period
Divide the total installation cost by the annual electricity savings (Annual kWh × electricity rate). A 5kWp system at $10,000 producing 6,500 kWh/year at $0.15/kWh saves $975/year — a simple payback of about 10.3 years, with 15+ years of free energy afterward.