Tek Fazlı Güç Analiz
Konut ve hafif ticari güç yüklerini analiz edin. Basit vatajın ötesinde toplam enerji profilini hesaplayın.
Sistem Girişleri
Tek Fazlı AC
Parametreleri girdikçe sonuç gerçek zamanlı olarak güncellenir.
Güç Üçgeni Formülleri
Tek fazlı AC gücün üç bileşeni vardır — gerçek, reaktif ve görünür — bunlar güç üçgenini oluşturur.
Gerçek Güç (kW)
P = V × I × PF Gerçekten iş yapan güç — kilovat cinsinden ölçülür. Elektrik faturanızda ücretlendirilen budur.
Reaktif Güç (kVAR)
Q = V × I × sin(θ) Endüktif ve kapasitif yükler tarafından depolanan ve serbest bırakılan güç. Yararlı iş yapmadan akıma neden olur ve kablo kayıplarını artırır.
Görünür Güç (kVA)
S = V × I = √(P² + Q²) Kaynağın sağlaması gereken toplam güç — gerçek ve reaktif gücün vektör toplamı. Jeneratör ve transformatör boyutlandırmada kullanılır.
Understanding Single-Phase AC Power
Single-phase AC power is the standard supply for residential buildings and light commercial facilities. Unlike DC, AC voltage reverses direction periodically (50 or 60 times per second), which enables efficient voltage transformation but introduces the concept of power factor — the relationship between the voltage and current waveforms.
The Power Triangle
Real power (kW), reactive power (kVAR), and apparent power (kVA) form a right triangle. The angle θ between the apparent and real power vectors is the phase angle — and the cosine of this angle is the power factor. A PF of 1.0 means the triangle collapses to a straight line: all apparent power is real power.
What Causes Low Power Factor?
- Induction Motors: The most common cause. Motors use reactive power to build rotating magnetic fields. Lightly loaded motors have worse PF than fully loaded ones.
- Transformers at Light Load: The magnetizing current drawn by transformer cores is largely reactive.
- Fluorescent Lighting (older ballasts): Magnetic ballasts introduce significant reactive current. Electronic ballasts largely solve this.
- Variable Speed Drives: Can improve motor PF but introduce harmonic distortion which has its own effects on the supply.
Power Factor Correction
Low power factor can be corrected by adding capacitor banks in parallel with inductive loads. Capacitors supply reactive power locally, reducing the reactive current that must flow from the utility. This reduces cable losses, improves voltage regulation, and avoids utility penalties for industrial customers with PF below 0.9.